Romania Capital Gains Tax Calculator 2026

How much tax could you pay when selling an investment in Romania?

The Finorum Romania Capital Gains Tax Calculator estimates the tax payable when an individual sells shares, securities, cryptocurrency or real estate.

Select the relevant asset, enter the purchase price, sale price, holding period and eligible transaction costs, and the calculator will estimate the taxable amount, potential tax liability and net proceeds after tax.

Romania applies different rules depending on the asset and the way the transaction is completed. From 2026, securities sold through qualifying intermediaries may be taxed at 3% or 6%, while gains realised through other brokers are generally taxed at 16%. Cryptocurrency gains are also generally taxed at 16%. Private property transfers are taxed on the transfer value rather than on the actual capital gain.

How Capital Gains Tax Works in Romania

Romania does not apply one universal capital gains tax regime to every private investment.

The applicable calculation depends on:

• the type of asset being sold;
• the period for which the asset was held;
• whether a qualifying Romanian intermediary processes the transaction;
• whether the taxpayer is resident in Romania;
• whether the income triggers the health insurance contribution;
• whether the asset is held privately or through a business.

For ordinary investments, the economic gain is generally calculated as:

Capital gain = Sale proceeds − Acquisition cost − Eligible transaction costs

However, this formula is not used in the same manner for every asset. For example, the tax on a private Romanian property transfer is generally calculated from the property’s transfer value rather than from the seller’s actual profit.

Shares Sold Through a Qualifying Intermediary

From 1 January 2026, gains from securities transactions completed through a qualifying intermediary are generally subject to withholding tax at the following rates:

• 3% when the securities were held for at least 365 days;
• 6% when the securities were held for fewer than 365 days.

A qualifying intermediary may include a Romanian investment intermediary or another intermediary that has the required Romanian tax presence and withholding obligations.

The intermediary calculates the gain or loss for each transaction and withholds the applicable tax when a taxable gain is realised. The withheld tax is final.

The simplified calculation is:

Taxable gain per transaction = Sale value − Fiscal acquisition value − Eligible transaction costs

Tax = Transaction gain × 3% or 6%

The correct rate depends on the documented acquisition date. Investors should therefore ensure that their broker has accurate records, particularly where investments have been transferred from another platform.

Losses Under the Withholding Regime

An important disadvantage of the intermediary withholding system is that the tax is calculated separately for each profitable transaction.

Losses from other transactions generally cannot reduce gains that have already been taxed at source. A loss realised through this regime is normally not carried forward to offset future gains.

For example, if an investor makes a gain of RON 10,000 on one disposal and a loss of RON 8,000 on another, the withholding tax may still apply to the entire RON 10,000 gain rather than to the investor’s RON 2,000 overall economic profit.

The calculator should therefore distinguish between:

• transactions handled by a qualifying withholding intermediary; and
• transactions subject to annual net-gain taxation.

Combining the two regimes into one calculation could produce an incorrect result.

Shares Sold Without a Qualifying Romanian Intermediary

Different rules generally apply when securities are sold directly or through a foreign broker that does not calculate and withhold Romanian tax under the intermediary regime.

From 2026, the annual net gain from such transactions is generally subject to a 16% income-tax rate.

The calculation is broadly:

Annual net gain = Eligible annual gains − Compatible annual losses

Estimated income tax = Annual net gain × 16%

The taxpayer is responsible for calculating and declaring this income through Romania’s Single Tax Return, known as Declarația Unică.

Unlike the final withholding regime, compatible gains and losses can generally be netted on an annual basis. Qualifying unused losses may normally be carried forward for up to seven consecutive tax years, subject to the applicable Romanian rules.

The broker’s location alone is not always sufficient to identify the correct regime. A foreign investment company may have a Romanian permanent establishment or another status that makes it a qualifying withholding intermediary. The taxpayer should confirm how the broker reports Romanian transactions.

Acquisition Costs and Transaction Expenses

The fiscal acquisition value generally includes the amount paid to acquire the security. Eligible documented transaction costs may also be considered when determining the gain.

Potentially relevant expenses include:

• broker commissions;
• regulated market fees;
• settlement charges;
• costs directly connected with transferring ownership;
• other transaction expenses recognised by Romanian tax law.

Personal financial-advice fees, subscriptions, financing expenses and undocumented costs may not qualify.

Transactions conducted in another currency must be converted into Romanian lei according to the applicable tax conversion rules. Exchange-rate movements may therefore affect the taxable gain expressed in RON.

Dividends Are Not Capital Gains

Dividend income is taxed separately and should not be entered as a disposal gain.

From 2026, Romanian dividend income is generally subject to a 16% withholding tax. Dividends may also count toward the income thresholds used to determine whether the taxpayer owes the Romanian health insurance contribution.

A sale of shares and a dividend distribution are therefore separate taxable events, even if they relate to the same company.

Cryptocurrency Tax in Romania

From 2026, gains realised by individuals from the transfer of virtual currency are generally subject to a 16% income-tax rate.

The taxable gain is calculated as the positive difference between the sale price and the acquisition price, including direct transaction costs:

Taxable crypto gain = Disposal proceeds − Acquisition cost − Direct transaction costs

Estimated tax = Taxable crypto gain × 16%

Unlike some EU countries, Romania does not provide a general exemption merely because cryptocurrency was held for one year or another minimum period. A long holding period does not ordinarily make the gain tax-free.

The taxpayer normally calculates and reports the taxable amount through the Declarația Unică.

What Constitutes a Taxable Crypto Transaction?

A taxable event may arise when a crypto asset is transferred for money, goods, services or another form of economic benefit.

The treatment of crypto-to-crypto exchanges can be more complex because the taxpayer must determine whether the transaction generated a measurable, realised benefit under Romanian rules. Complete records should be maintained for every exchange, transfer and conversion.

The records should show:

• transaction date;
• type and quantity of crypto assets;
• original acquisition cost;
• disposal value;
• exchange rate used;
• platform and wallet involved;
• directly related fees.

Mining, staking, frequent professional trading and other organised crypto activities may be treated differently from an occasional private disposal. The calculator assumes ordinary private investment activity.

Small Cryptocurrency Gains

Romanian law provides a limited exemption for very small crypto gains.

A gain of less than RON 200 per transaction may be non-taxable if the taxpayer’s total gains from qualifying crypto transactions do not exceed RON 600 during the tax year.

Both conditions must be satisfied. The exemption does not mean that the first RON 600 of every investor’s gains is automatically tax-free.

If the annual limit is exceeded, the taxpayer should not assume that all transactions below RON 200 remain exempt. Transaction-level records are necessary to apply the provision correctly.

Cryptocurrency Losses

The statutory crypto calculation focuses on the positive gain arising from a transfer. The treatment of losses is not always equivalent to the annual netting regime used for certain securities transactions.

Crypto losses should therefore not automatically be used to reduce gains from shares, property, dividends or unrelated income. The calculator should keep crypto results separate unless a specific Romanian rule clearly permits the offset.

Health Insurance Contribution on Investment Income

In addition to income tax, investment and crypto income can trigger the Romanian health insurance contribution, known as CASS.

CASS is generally charged at 10% on a fixed assessment base when the taxpayer’s combined relevant non-salary income reaches statutory thresholds based on 6, 12 or 24 national minimum gross salaries.

Relevant income can include combinations of:

• investment income;
• dividends;
• certain interest;
• cryptocurrency gains;
• rental income;
• intellectual-property income;
• agricultural income;
• other specified sources.

CASS is not simply calculated as 10% of every capital gain. The applicable base depends on which annual threshold is reached.

Because the thresholds depend on the national minimum salary applicable under Romanian law, they should be reviewed for the relevant tax year. A capital gains calculator that does not collect all relevant annual income may show the investment tax separately and warn that an additional CASS liability could arise.

Sale of Private Real Estate in Romania

Romania applies a special transfer tax when an individual sells real estate from their private assets.

The tax is generally calculated on the transfer value, not on the actual profit made by the seller.

For private real estate transferred in 2026, the general rates are:

• 3% of the transfer value when the property was owned for up to and including three years;
• 1% of the transfer value when the property was owned for more than three years.

The calculation is therefore:

Property transfer tax = Transfer value × 3% or 1%

For example, if a privately held property is sold for RON 500,000 after more than three years, the estimated transfer tax is:

RON 500,000 × 1% = RON 5,000

The original purchase price does not normally reduce this transfer-tax base. A seller can therefore owe tax even when the property is sold without an economic profit or at a loss.

Determining the Property Transfer Value

The tax is generally calculated using the value stated in the transfer document.

However, if the declared value is below the minimum value established by the relevant notarial market study, the legally determined reference value may be used instead.

The calculation may cover:

• buildings of any kind;
• land attached to buildings;
• undeveloped land;
• the transfer of ownership;
• certain transfers of rights derived from ownership.

The applicable holding period is determined using the documented acquisition and transfer dates.

Main-Home and Holding-Period Rules

Romania does not provide a general exemption simply because the property was the seller’s main residence.

Ownership for more than three years reduces the standard transfer-tax rate from 3% to 1%, but it does not normally reduce the tax to zero.

This differs from capital gains systems that tax only the economic profit or exempt a permanent home after a minimum residence period. For the standard Romanian private-property regime, the relevant calculation is based primarily on the transfer value and holding period.

Specific transfers, inheritances, donations and restitution-related transactions may qualify for separate treatment or exemptions. These should not be treated as ordinary market sales without checking the applicable rule.

How Property Tax Is Collected

When the transfer is completed through a Romanian notary, the notary generally calculates, collects and pays the tax to the state budget.

The seller does not normally calculate the standard tax independently through the annual income-tax return.

If the ownership transfer is completed through another legal procedure rather than a notarial or judicial process, a separate filing obligation may arise. Romania uses Form 209 for certain property transfers completed outside the ordinary notarial or judicial procedure.

The final amount should be confirmed with the notary before completion because the legal transfer value, ownership history and nature of the transferred rights may affect the calculation.

Inherited and Donated Property

Inheritance and donation transactions may follow rules different from an ordinary sale.

A transfer by inheritance completed within the statutory succession period can benefit from specific treatment. If the succession is not completed within the prescribed period, an inheritance-related tax may become payable.

Certain donations between close family members may also receive different treatment from a sale for consideration.

When inherited or donated property is later sold, the seller should establish:

• the legally recognised acquisition date;
• the fiscal acquisition value, where relevant;
• the duration of ownership;
• the nature of the original transfer;
• whether the current transaction falls under the standard private-property transfer regime.

The calculator assumes a conventional sale unless the user selects another route.

Romanian Tax Residents and Foreign Investments

Romanian tax residents are generally taxable on worldwide income, subject to Romanian domestic law and applicable double-taxation agreements.

This means that a Romanian resident may need to declare:

• shares sold through a foreign broker;
• gains from foreign investment funds;
• cryptocurrency held through an international exchange;
• taxable gains on foreign property.

Foreign tax paid may qualify for a credit in Romania when permitted by the relevant double-taxation treaty. The credit is generally limited and may not equal the full amount paid abroad.

Income and expenses denominated in foreign currencies must be converted into Romanian lei using the legally applicable exchange rate.

Nonresidents

Nonresidents are generally taxed on Romanian-source income where Romania has the right to tax under domestic law and the applicable treaty.

This can include:

• transfers of Romanian real estate;
• gains involving certain Romanian securities;
• transactions connected with a Romanian permanent establishment;
• other Romanian-source investment income.

A tax treaty may modify or restrict Romania’s taxing rights. The taxpayer’s residence certificate and the legal characteristics of the asset can therefore materially affect the result.

Reporting and Payment

Income for which a qualifying intermediary withholds final tax generally does not require the taxpayer to recalculate the same income tax. However, the income may still be relevant when determining CASS.

Gains from transactions not subject to final Romanian withholding, including many transactions through foreign brokers and crypto platforms, generally need to be reported through the Declarația Unică, Form 212.

The standard filing and payment deadline is generally 25 May of the following year, subject to any legislative changes or extensions.

Romania’s electronic form can include pre-filled information received from reporting entities, but taxpayers remain responsible for checking its accuracy and adding missing foreign income.

Calculator Assumptions

Unless stated otherwise, the calculator assumes that:

• the seller is an individual;
• the asset is held privately and outside a business;
• the taxpayer is resident in Romania;
• transactions are calculated in Romanian lei;
• all entered acquisition costs and expenses are documented;
• the intermediary status selected by the user is correct;
• the 2026 rates apply;
• CASS is shown separately or excluded when complete annual income is unavailable;
• treaty relief and foreign tax credits are calculated separately;
• the property transaction is an ordinary private sale;
• no inheritance, donation or special statutory exemption applies.

Important Notice

The Romania Capital Gains Tax Calculator provides an estimate for informational purposes only. The final liability may differ because of intermediary status, holding period, total annual income, CASS thresholds, tax residence, currency conversion, available losses and international tax treaties.

For an official calculation or a significant transaction, consult a Romanian tax adviser, the notary handling the property transfer or the Romanian National Agency for Fiscal Administration. ANAF’s 2026 guidance confirms the 3% and 6% securities withholding rates, while Romania’s current legislation is available through the official Legislative Portal.

Romania capital gains tax calculator

Sources & References

EU regulations & taxation

• Static.anaf.ro — 3% and 6% securities withholding rates

Additional educational resources

• Anaf.ro — Romanian National Agency for Fiscal Administration
• Legislatie.just.ro — Legislative Portal